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              <text>A long transient occurs when a system takes a prolonged period of time, for example dozens of generations, to approach its final equilibrium or periodic state, meaning that observed initial behaviour may not represent the true long term dynamics. This is particularly important in biology, where the timescale of observations may be much shorter than the timescale of the underlying system. In this report we will take one such biological system and explore how varying its features may have an impact the length of its transient dynamics.</text>
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              <text>Mathematics, Mathematical Biology,  Modelling, Long Transients, Ecology, Floquet Theory, Python</text>
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                <text>Modelling Long Transients in Ecology</text>
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                <text>Nathan Cundy</text>
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              <text>We study the classification of translation invariant Gibbs measures for the dimer model on planar, bipartite, periodic graphs. After developing the general theory of infinite-volume Gibbs measures, we construct a family of ergodic measures as limits of finite-volume Boltzmann measures on a sequence of tori, indexed by a magnetic field. Each such measure has a well-defined slope, given by the gradient of the free energy, and these slopes sweep out the interior of the Newton polygon of the characteristic polynomial of the model. We show that the measure of each slope in the interior of the Newton polygon is mixing, and compute its local statistics as determinants of a kernel given by a contour integral. Finally, we return to the general theory and establish the decomposition of an arbitrary translation invariant Gibbs measure over its ergodic components, which for the dimer model are indexed by slope. The classification is complete on the interior of the Newton polygon and only partial on its boundary, where we describe what obstructs it.</text>
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                <text>Gibbs Measures for the Dimer Model</text>
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                <text>8 October 2026</text>
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                <text>Valentin Ivanov</text>
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              <text>This research investigates whether epigenetic changes, particularly alterations in DNA methylation, can be used to predict the progression of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) to active TB. Identifying methylation changes associated with progression could provide an early indication of an individuals risk of developing active disease, potentially allowing treatment to be targeted earlier and improving clinical outcomes. Individuals with LTBI represent a particularly relevant population for this approach, as they have already been exposed to and infected with mycobacterium tuberculosis, allowing research to focus on why some individuals progress to active disease while others remain latent. This research therefore examines DNA methylation patterns in pulmonary immune cells, including alveolar macrophages and T cells, which are among the host cells that naturally encounter M. Tuberculosis. This approach aims to characterise the hosts Epigenetic response to infection, rather than simply detecting the presence of the pathogen itself.</text>
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                <text>Adiva Bello, supervised by Leda Mirbahai</text>
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              <text>Assessing fossil record completeness requires researchers to manually extract detailed anatomical and specimen information from scientific literature, making large-scale studies time-consuming. This project develops PALEAN, an R-based workflow for automatically converting unstructured palaeontological literature into structured research data. The pipeline reads scientific papers using text extraction and OCR, cleans and searches the resulting text, identifies relevant taxonomic, anatomical, locality and specimen information, and exports structured tables for further analysis. The workflow was tested on three recent theropod dinosaur papers describing Aratasaurus museunacionali, Thanatotheristes degrootorum and Tralkasaurus cuyi. Preliminary manual verification shows that the pipeline can recover key taxonomic information, specimen identifiers, skeletal elements and formation-level locality information, although complex anatomical descriptions and some locality details still require manual review. The project demonstrates the potential for reproducible automated workflows to reduce the manual effort involved in fossil completeness data collection.</text>
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              <text>palaeontology, fossil record, fossil completeness, data extraction, text mining, R, automation, theropod dinosaurs, natural language processing</text>
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                <text>Daniel Cashmore</text>
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                <text>Palaeontological data extraction</text>
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              <text>With a vast number of new schools expected to be created as housing expands across Britain, this research examines how and why newly-created schools since the 1940s (specifically the White Paper on Educational Reconstruction in 1943) have produced largely successful outcomes and provided unique opportunities to Britain's young people.  With little comprehensive research conducted on what specifically makes many of these start-up schools historically and presently so successful and transformative, it employs two methodological approaches to understand this further. Firstly, through looking at primary sources relating to post-war education reconstruction, it examines how Britain sought to positively reshape education after the war through the creation of new schools. Secondly, through interviewing present educational leaders of high-performing schools created in the last decade, it understands how a number of new schools in the present have been able to achieve outstanding results since their creation. By comparing findings from these two approaches, this project notes what has historically made start-up schools opportunities to re-shape education in Britain and what features of them have historically enabled them to achieve more affluent results than well-established institutions. In doing so, it aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of polices, practices and more which would be effective for new schools created in the coming years. Furthermore, whilst the creation of new schools create a fresh slate for outstanding learning and educational leadership, it is hoped that this project can be used, in part, to explore how older schools can become better places of learning.</text>
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                <text>New Schools as Tools of Change: Lessons Since 1944 for the Future of British Education</text>
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                <text>George Marshall</text>
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              <text>Operation Spiderweb in June 2025 demonstrated the devastating efficacy of low-cost unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) against high-value strategic targets in 21st-century warfare (Eslami et al., 2026). The operation, alongside sustained infrastructure campaigns during the Russo-Ukrainian and Middle Eastern conflicts, exposed a gap in contemporary defence doctrines; existing systems designed for conventional threats are ill-equipped to counter the low-cost, algorithmic nature of modern drone warfare. This research employs a structured, focused comparative case study of conflicts in Karabakh, Ukraine, and the Middle East using the Most Different Systems Design methodology to detect common patterns of infrastructure vulnerability. Data sources include open-source intelligence (OSINT), IMF and World Bank economic projections, policy documents, and academic literature, and the study applies these findings to Azerbaijan's critical energy infrastructure, to assess economic and geopolitical risks. Since Azerbaijan’s economic activity remains heavily dependent on a highly concentrated cluster of fossil fuel facilities around the Absheron Peninsula, like the Sangachal Terminal, which handles all of Azerbaijan's oil and gas exports (Tavana et al., 2012), the findings indicate that a sustained, targeted drone campaign would not only paralyse the domestic Azerbaijani economy and exhaust sovereign reserves but also trigger significant trade and energy price volatility across Eurasian markets. To address this vulnerability, the following study proposes a layered and cost-optimised defensive model by integrating multi-sensor detection, tiered kinetic and non-kinetic engagement, and comprehensive doctrinal coordination and reform. Together, this framework offers an extensive and adaptable solution to protect fixed critical infrastructure against algorithmic asymmetry, which is rapidly becoming a defining challenge for Eurasian geopolitics and global energy security.</text>
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              <text>war, warfare, drones, military technology, geopolitics, Azerbaijan, energy, energy infrastructure, economics of war, security, conflict, politics, critical infrastructure, Operation Spiderweb, drone warfare, defence</text>
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                <text>Spiderweb’s Shadow: Azerbaijan’s Energy Infrastructure and the Emerging Crisis in Eurasian Security</text>
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                <text>Threats to critical energy infrastructure posed by drone warfare and its implications for Azerbaijan and the region</text>
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                <text>Ramiz Ahmadzada</text>
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              <text>Formalisation, Lean, Group theory, Mathematics, Functional programming</text>
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                <text>Archisha Biswas</text>
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                <text>Dr Robert Kropholler (Supervisor)</text>
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              <text>The Marsh Observatory at the University of Warwick is highly dependent on specific weather conditions to operate effectively, often leading to the postponement of key activities such as outreach events and astrophysics research. Observatories worldwide are unique in their design, geographical location, and operating environments, meaning they often require bespoke solutions to address site-specific challenges. Common issues such as dew formation, cloud cover, and high wind speeds are primary causes of dome closure. Addressing these limitations has the potential to significantly improve observatory uptime and overall performance. Relevant sensors will be installed within the observatory dome to measure ambient temperature and humidity, followed by computational analysis to determine an appropriate feedback response to changing environmental conditions. This data, alongside principles from applied thermodynamics, will inform the design specifications of the dew heater. In parallel, a custom “flat panel” will be prototyped to explore the possibility of capturing essential calibration frames under unfavourable weather conditions. The current use of an air conditioning unit to provide uniform heating across the dome results in significant energy waste and can impede overall telescope image quality. By implementing a more localised heating solution, energy usage can be reduced while minimising thermal disturbances around the optical system. This leads to improved image quality and increased thermal efficiency, both of which enhances observatory performance. This research and development will provide a framework for other institutional observatories to replicate and implement similar upgrades within their own systems, offering a more cost-effective and efficient solution to these observational challenges.</text>
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                <text>Exploring New Technology Upgrades for the Marsh Observatory</text>
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                <text>Oliver Smith</text>
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                <text>Daniel Bayliss &amp; Paul Chote</text>
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              <text>The membranes of the mammalian cell are host to many membrane-bound transcription regulators which need to be collocated to the nucleus to act on both inter and extracellular processes ​(1)​ . For our project we chose to focus on the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum, which research has shown to be a region where proteins (or peptide fragments) are able to cycle between the ER and the nucleus in order to influence gene transcription.​(2)​ The pseudoproteases iRhom (of the rhomboid super family) ​(3)​ have been identified as such proteins with a distinct function related to their cleavage from the ER and subsequent nuclear transport. This cleavage is conducted via the Signal Peptidase Complex (SPC) which cleaves either side of the first transmembrane domain, resulting in an N terminal fragment. This fragment is then transported to the nucleus where it can affect gene expression. This process has been shown to be elevated in pathologies such as psoriasis and oesophageal cancer. ​(4)​   Our goal was to investigate if other proteins (TMEM214, TRPV4, TOR4A) with regions similar to iRhom cleavage sites undergo the same SPC cleavage mechanism. Evidence of cleavage would suggest the proteins could possess a similar transcription regulation function, potentially linking to other pathologies.</text>
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                <text>Investigating Membrane-Bound transcription Regulators</text>
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                <text>Cells &amp; Development, Microbiology &amp; Infectious Disease</text>
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                <text>Bethan Martin, Bronte West, Freija Guntripp, Iqbal Dulloo</text>
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              <text>Since 1999, there have been more than 400 shootings on US school campuses, harming the mental health and schooling of children up to five miles away. Public schooling carries no price and is assigned by residence, so families can avoid a school only by moving house or paying for a private one. Enrolment therefore reveals whether families avoid only the attacked school or every school the harm reaches, and how serious a shooting must be before they act. I combine these shootings with a national panel of public school enrolment from 1999 to 2024, and use a stacked difference-in-differences design to find that the attacked school loses on net roughly 1.5–2% of its continuing students, or 14 to 20 pupils, in the first year after a shooting. Schools within five miles lose at most half as much, and families choosing a school anew, who face no disruption from switching, show no avoidance of them, which I interpret as families attaching the disamenity of a shooting to the school rather than to its neighbourhood. Before the pandemic only fatal shootings were followed by avoidance, but since 2021 non-fatal shootings have been too. Because this avoidance concentrates on the attacked school, I argue that its disamenity falls on the families least able to leave.</text>
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              <text>School Shootings, Economics of Education, Applied Microeconomics</text>
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                <text>Which Schools Do Families Avoid, and After Which Shootings? Evidence from US School Shootings, 1999–2024</text>
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                <text>Applied Microeconomics; Economics of Education</text>
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                <text>08/10/2026</text>
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                <text>Xavier Fletcher</text>
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